Legal conditions for the use of stationary and mobile energy storage facilities in distribution grids
Uwarunkowania prawne stosowania stacjonarnych i mobilnych magazynów energii w sieciach dystrybucyjnych
Krzysztof Zagrajek, Łukasz Sosnowski, Piotr Dukat, Piotr Biczel
Streszczenie
The development of energy storage technology introduces a new legal framework in the global electricity markets.
Unfortunately, it often happens that current legal regulations make it difficult or even impossible to use energy storage facilities
for ancillary services. In particular, this problem concerns relatively modern energy storage technologies, such as battery
energy storage systems (BESS). The article presents legal issues related to the construction, operation and management
of electric energy storage facilities in distribution grids. The formal and legal aspects of functioning of mobile energy storage
facilities located in electric vehicles, ie the use of Vehicle-to-Grid technology, were also discussed. The authors analyzed
European and national legal acts. Polish ancillary services were also described in terms of using stationary and mobile energy
storage facilities. After the analysis of the aforementioned topics, it was concluded that the current European and Polish
regulations are not fully capable of establishing a dedicated market for energy storage services. Significant changes are required
to allow for the participation of Distribution System Operators in the process of establishing and using ancillary services as
well as provisions regulating the aspects of management and operation of energy storage facilities operating on the distribution
grid.
Unfortunately, it often happens that current legal regulations make it difficult or even impossible to use energy storage facilities
for ancillary services. In particular, this problem concerns relatively modern energy storage technologies, such as battery
energy storage systems (BESS). The article presents legal issues related to the construction, operation and management
of electric energy storage facilities in distribution grids. The formal and legal aspects of functioning of mobile energy storage
facilities located in electric vehicles, ie the use of Vehicle-to-Grid technology, were also discussed. The authors analyzed
European and national legal acts. Polish ancillary services were also described in terms of using stationary and mobile energy
storage facilities. After the analysis of the aforementioned topics, it was concluded that the current European and Polish
regulations are not fully capable of establishing a dedicated market for energy storage services. Significant changes are required
to allow for the participation of Distribution System Operators in the process of establishing and using ancillary services as
well as provisions regulating the aspects of management and operation of energy storage facilities operating on the distribution
grid.